EINSTEIN
(Kar) Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was one of the most brilliant scientists. In 1905, he had written his theory of light and pointed out the light exists as tiny packets: photons. After a couple of months, publishing two papers, he invented a new way to count and measure the size of atoms in the first one, and explained how they moved in the second. These papers proved that atoms exist. He also wrote his famous formula, E=mc2. It could be used to create nuclear energy and even the atomic bomb later.
Besides, he came up with new ideas about light, gravity and energy when he was only 26 years. Also, he had written his theory of relativity about light from a star in space would bend in 1915. It was proved, by the solar eclipse: the moon passed between the Earth and the sun, on 29 May 1919.
Einstein was a scientist of genius and won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. On the other hand, he was an advocate of world peace. However, his famous formula, E=mc2, could be helped to create the most dangerous weapon: atomic bomb. For example, he had written a letter to the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939. He said the U.S.A. should make an atomic bomb first since Germany might make one. Therefore, the atomic bombs were made by the United States in 1942. Due to Einstein believed in peace; he sent the second letter to the President on 25 Mar 1945 and warned him not to use atomic bombs. Nevertheless, the President died on 12 Apr 1945. No one opened the letter.
Unfortunately, the United States used two atomic bombs against Japan, the first one on the city of Hiroshima on 6 Aug 1945, and the second on the city of Nagasaki three days later. They killed about 140,000 innocent civilians in Hiroshima and more than 60,000 in Nagasaki. Einstein was very angry and wished that he had never sent his first letter to President Roosevelt.
After the war ended, he sent a letter to a British maths professor, Bertrand Russell, to join a group against nuclear weapons. The letter for peace was one of the things of Einstein had done before he died.
